4D printing is real, happening now, and has the potential to shape the world. Self-assembly in 4D printing uses materials responding to external stimuli. A regular 3D printer can be used to create 4D ...

The combination of 3D and 4D printing technologies with EMMs holds great promise for the future, driving innovation and opening up new avenues for research and development in multiple disciplines.

Although 4D printing is considered very promising for various biomedical applications – such as tissue scaffolds, neural scaffolds, grafts and stents, cardiac patches and valves, even bionic ...

However, industrial 3D printing machines differ greatly from traditional desktop printers. Besides the format of the machines and the prints, one major difference can be found in the material that is ...

In the latest research in the field of materials science and engineering, researchers have made remarkable progress in the 3D and 4D printing of electromagnetic metamaterials (EMMs). This breakthrough ...