In July 2018, the committee on Toward an Open Science Enterprise released a report, Open Science by Design: Realizing a Vision for 21st Century Research that provides guidance to the research ...

Investigators should use fair and equitable recruitment practices in research and avoid practices that place participants at risk for coercion or undue influence. The requirement for equitable ...

A benefit is a valued or desired outcome, or an advantage. In research, benefits generally fall into two categories: benefits to the individual participants in the research and benefits to science or ...

The authors do not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and have disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their ...