Abstract: This article presents a 256-element CMOS active phased-array transmitter (TX) that works in Ka-band downlink for low earth orbit (LEO) small satellite communication (SATCOM) applications.

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At the receiver, the 'inverse' mapping is undertaken using a detector array to collect light from a particular emitter. Figure 1: Line-of-sight design. a, Schematic of transmitter and receiver devices ...

Abstract: The free-space wavelengths in the 300-GHz band are so short that it is extremely challenging to realize phased arrays with a half-wave antenna pitch, required for preventing grating lobes.